Various surgical techniques have been developed to address the problem of the lack of cadaver livers. Reduced-size or cutdown-and-split liver transplants, in which only a portion of a liver is utilized for the transplant, have been successful. Biliary atresia accounts for at least 50 percent of pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation. The second most common reason for transplantation is liver disease due to inborn errors of metabolism, with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency being the most common, and others including tyrosinemia and Wilson’s disease.
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